ASCII
full spelling ： American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCII is a character encoding base on the English alphabet. Coding of characters has been standardized to facilitate exchange of data among computers. ASCII is the most popular standard.
The American Standards Association first published ASCII as a standard in 1963. The 1967 version added the lowercase letters, changed the names of a few control characters and moved the two controls ACK and ESC from the lowercase letters area into the control codes area. ASCII was subsequently updated and published as ANSI X3.4-1968, ANSI X3.4-1977, and finally, ANSI X3.4-1986.
ASCII uses 7 bits to code each character, meaning that it uses the bit patterns representable with seven binary digits (a range of 0 to 127 decimal) to represent character information. Besides codes for characters, in this standard, codes are defined to convey information such as end of line, end of page, etc. to the computer.